Diagram of the skull depicts patterns of bone destruction in the skull ( b) Underneath the calvarium are the meninges comprised of the dura mater, arachnoid mater and pia mater. The outer table is covered by periosteum. Covering the skull is the scalp which consists of the skin, subcutaneous dense connective tissue, galea aponeurotica and loose connective tissue. The skull is composed of the marrow space (diploe), inner and outer tables. Image depicting the calvarium anatomy ( a). The skull base forms the floor of the cranial cavity and, therefore, similar lesions can occur in this region however, there are lesions that are also specific to this location such as chordoma and chondrosarcoma. Lesions of the calvarium may originate from the bony structures or may be secondary to invasion of scalp-based lesions or brain-based lesions into the skull vault. It is composed of two cortical tables the inner and outer tables, and the diploe or marrow space between them (Fig. The skull vault is formed by the frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital bones and parts of the zygoma and sphenoid bone. Calvarial lesions may be benign or malignant fortunately, benign tumours are the most commonly encountered lesions. Clinical parameters such as the age and clinical history are important factors to guide the radiological diagnosis. Occasionally, they may present as a visible, palpable or symptomatic lump. Calvarial lesions are often asymptomatic and are usually discovered incidentally during computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain or as part of workup of local clinical symptoms or staging of other diseases.
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